![]() ![]() But revisionist scholars are creating new turns in the study of maritime history. One approach to maritime history writing has been nicknamed 'rivet counting' because of a focus on the minutiae of the vessel. Inland waterways are included within 'maritime history,' especially inland seas such as the Great Lakes of North America, and major navigable rivers and canals worldwide. Typically, studies of merchant shipping and of defensive navies are seen as separate fields. Dear and Peter Kemp, eds., Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea (2nd ed. ABC-CLIO, 2002) with 1500 articles in 1231, pages, and I. Other major reference resources are Spencer Tucker, ed., Naval Warfare: An International Encyclopedia (3 vol. It contains over 900 articles by 400 scholars and runs 2900 pages. Hattendorf, Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History (Oxford, 2007). For a broad overview, see the four-volume encyclopedia edited by John B. Based in Canada with an international editorial board, it explores the maritime dimensions of economic, social, cultural, and environmental history. A leading journal is International Journal of Maritime History, a fully refereed scholarly journal published twice a year by the International Maritime Economic History Association. Historians from many lands have published monographs, popular and scholarly articles, and collections of archival resources. There are a number of approaches to the field, sometimes divided into two broad categories: Traditionalists, who seek to engage a small audience of other academics, and Utilitarians, who seek to influence policy makers and a wider audience. Maritime history is the broad overarching subject that includes fishing, whaling, international maritime law, naval history, the history of ships, ship design, shipbuilding, the history of navigation, the history of the various maritime-related sciences ( oceanography, cartography, hydrography, etc.), sea exploration, maritime economics and trade, shipping, yachting, seaside resorts, the history of lighthouses and aids to navigation, maritime themes in literature, maritime themes in art, the social history of sailors and passengers and sea-related communities. Nautical history records and interprets past events involving ships, shipping, navigation, and seafarers. As an academic subject, it often crosses the boundaries of standard disciplines, focusing on understanding humankind's various relationships to the oceans, seas, and major waterways of the globe. It covers a broad thematic element of history that often uses a global approach, although national and regional histories remain predominant. Maritime history is the study of human interaction with and activity at sea. Magic and Gracie off Castle Garden, painted by James E. ![]()
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